ABSTRACT
COVID-19 disease has emerged as a health crisis globally. The absence of specific antiviral treatment to cure COVID-19 has emphasized the importance of providing a safe and effective vaccine, they are the best bet to save millions of lives. The heterologous prime-boost approach for the COVID-19 vaccine is in the limelight as it can overcome issues with the shortage in the supply of vaccines and enhances the antibody response and potency of the prevailing COVID-19 vaccines, thus helping the acceleration of COVID-19 vaccine drive throughout the globe to achieve herd immunity among the population. This review aims to discuss the history, mechanism, and current scenario of the application of the heterologous prime-boost approach for the COVID-19 vaccine. From data inception to August 2021, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, WHO worldwide research on COVID-19, and the clinical trials registration "https://clinicaltrials.gov/" were used to conduct the systematic search by using keywords: "COVID-19,"heterologous," and "vaccine." The heterologous prime-boost vaccination approach seems to be a silver lining that has the potential to ensure the suitable vaccine is delivered to the right people during times of pandemic. © 2021, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
A blockchain is a continuously expanding list of documents known as blocks that are connected together via cryptography. A smart contract is a computer program that executes itself in accordance with the terms of a contract. In Traditional vaccine delivery systems, vaccine delivery information is not visible to all the supply chain entities, thereby prone to data tampering. Thus, transparency is the biggest concern in this system. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid launch of a vaccine and the implementation of a worldwide vaccination campaign is crucial, but their success depends on the availability of an operable and transparent distribution chain that all necessary stakeholders can assess. In the proposed work, we show how blockchain technology may be used to enable transparent tracing of COVID-19 vaccination registration, storage, and distribution and self-reporting of side effects by constructing a prototype using smart contracts.